diff --git a/backend/Dockerfile b/backend/Dockerfile
index f95998a..73b950a 100644
--- a/backend/Dockerfile
+++ b/backend/Dockerfile
@@ -16,6 +16,9 @@ RUN pip install --upgrade pip && pip install -r requirements.txt
 COPY . /app/
 COPY .env /app/
 
+# 收集静态文件（build 时执行，避免每次启动都跑）
+RUN python manage.py collectstatic --noinput || true
+
 # 暴露端口
 EXPOSE 8876
 
diff --git a/docker-compose.yml b/docker-compose.yml
index a110ffb..9454167 100644
--- a/docker-compose.yml
+++ b/docker-compose.yml
@@ -2,10 +2,10 @@ services:
   backend:
     build: ./backend
     container_name: cywl-scoring-backend
-    command: sh -c "python manage.py collectstatic --noinput && python manage.py migrate && gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8876 --workers 4 --timeout 120 --access-logfile - --error-logfile - config.wsgi:application"
+    command: sh -c "python manage.py migrate && gunicorn --bind 0.0.0.0:8876 --workers 4 --timeout 120 --access-logfile - --error-logfile - config.wsgi:application"
     volumes:
-      - ./backend:/app
       - ./backend/media:/app/media
+      - ./backend/.env:/app/.env
     ports:
       - "8876:8876"
     environment: