diff --git a/lang_agent/utils.py b/lang_agent/utils.py
index d5ce27e..3f4cce0 100644
--- a/lang_agent/utils.py
+++ b/lang_agent/utils.py
@@ -21,6 +21,26 @@ def make_llm(model="qwen-plus",
     
     return llm
 
+def tree_leaves(tree):
+    """
+    Extracts all leaf values from a nested structure (dict, list, tuple).
+    Drop-in replacement for jax.tree.leaves.
+    """
+    leaves = []
+    stack = [tree]
+    
+    while stack:
+        node = stack.pop()
+        if isinstance(node, dict):
+            stack.extend(reversed(node.values()))
+        elif isinstance(node, (list, tuple)):
+            stack.extend(reversed(node))
+        else:
+            leaves.append(node)
+    
+    return leaves
+
+
 NON_WORD_PATTERN = re.compile(r'[^\u4e00-\u9fffA-Za-z0-9_\s]')
 def words_only(text):
     """