#!/bin/bash # # 脚本名称: update_acme_cert.sh # 功能: 自动检测并更新 ACME SSL 证书(增强版) # 作者: Assistant # 日期: 2026-03-23 # 用法: # sudo ./update_acme_cert.sh # # 交互式输入: # - 域名 (例如: example.com) # # 新增增强功能: # 1. 自动安装/升级 acme.sh(如未安装) # 2. 自动备份旧证书配置 # 3. nginx 配置冲突智能清理 # 4. 域名可达性自动检测 # 5. 证书更新失败自动重试(最多3次,指数退避) # 6. 多维度最终验证(HTTPS访问、HTTP跳转、SSL证书) # 7. 详细的诊断建议和排查步骤 # # 前提条件: # - 需要 root 权限运行 # - 需要安装 nginx # - 需要开放 80 和 443 端口 # - 域名需正确解析到本服务器 # # sudo chmod +x update_acme_cert.sh # ================= 配置区域 ================= ACME_SH="/root/.acme.sh/acme.sh" NGINX_CONF_DIR="/etc/nginx/conf.d" WEBROOT="/var/www/letsencrypt" TLS_BASE_DIR="/etc/nginx/tls" LOG_FILE="/var/log/acme_update.log" EMAIL="admin@$(hostname -f)" # =========================================== # 彩色输出(方便阅读) RED='\033[0;31m' GREEN='\033[0;32m' YELLOW='\033[1;33m' BLUE='\033[0;34m' CYAN='\033[0;36m' NC='\033[0m' # No Color # 日志函数 - 中文输出 log_info() { echo -e "${GREEN}[INFO]${NC} $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"; } log_warn() { echo -e "${YELLOW}[警告]${NC} $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"; } log_error() { echo -e "${RED}[错误]${NC} $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"; } log_step() { echo -e "${BLUE}[步骤]${NC} $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"; } log_success() { echo -e "${CYAN}[完成]${NC} $(date '+%Y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S') - $1" | tee -a "$LOG_FILE"; } # 检查是否 root 权限 check_root() { if [[ $EUID -ne 0 ]]; then log_error "请使用 root 权限运行此脚本" exit 1 fi } # 检查并安装 acme.sh install_acme_sh() { log_step "检查 acme.sh 安装状态..." if [[ -f "$ACME_SH" ]]; then log_success "acme.sh 已安装: $ACME_SH" local version=$("$ACME_SH" --version 2>/dev/null | head -n1) log_info "当前版本: $version" echo "" read -p "$(echo -e "${YELLOW}[确认]${NC} 是否升级 acme.sh 到最新版本? [y/N]: ")" upgrade if [[ "$upgrade" =~ ^[Yy]$ ]]; then log_info "正在升级 acme.sh..." if "$ACME_SH" --upgrade --auto-upgrade; then log_success "acme.sh 升级成功" else log_warn "升级失败,继续使用当前版本" fi fi else log_warn "未检测到 acme.sh,开始自动安装..." log_info "执行安装命令: curl https://get.acme.sh | sh -s email=$EMAIL" if curl https://get.acme.sh | sh -s email=$EMAIL; then log_success "acme.sh 安装成功" if [[ -f "$ACME_SH" ]]; then log_info "验证安装: $ACME_SH" else log_error "acme.sh 安装验证失败" exit 1 fi else log_error "acme.sh 安装失败,请检查网络连接" exit 1 fi fi log_info "设置默认 CA 为 Let's Encrypt..." "$ACME_SH" --set-default-ca --server letsencrypt >/dev/null 2>&1 || true } # 备份旧配置(幂等性支持) backup_old_configs() { log_step "检查并备份旧配置..." local backup_count=0 local timestamp=$(date +%s) # 备份证书目录 if [[ -d "$CERT_DIR" ]] && [[ -n "$(ls -A $CERT_DIR 2>/dev/null)" ]]; then local backup_dir="${CERT_DIR}.bak-${timestamp}" cp -r "$CERT_DIR" "$backup_dir" log_info "已备份证书目录: $backup_dir" backup_count=$((backup_count + 1)) fi if [[ $backup_count -eq 0 ]]; then log_info "未发现旧配置,无需备份" else log_success "共备份 $backup_count 个旧配置" fi } # 输入域名并验证 input_domain() { echo "" read -p "$(echo -e "${BLUE}[输入]${NC} 请输入要更新的域名(例如:example.com): ")" DOMAIN if [[ -z "$DOMAIN" ]]; then log_error "域名不能为空" exit 1 fi log_info "目标域名: $DOMAIN" } # 检查 nginx 配置文件是否存在 check_nginx_conf() { CONF_FILE="${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/${DOMAIN}.conf" if [[ ! -f "$CONF_FILE" ]]; then log_warn "未找到配置文件: $CONF_FILE" # 尝试模糊匹配 CONF_FILE=$(grep -l "server_name.*$DOMAIN" ${NGINX_CONF_DIR}/*.conf 2>/dev/null | head -n1) if [[ -z "$CONF_FILE" ]]; then log_error "在 $NGINX_CONF_DIR 中未找到包含域名 $DOMAIN 的 nginx 配置" exit 1 fi log_info "通过模糊匹配找到配置文件: $CONF_FILE" else log_info "找到配置文件: $CONF_FILE" fi } # 从 nginx 配置中提取证书路径 extract_cert_path() { log_step "解析配置文件,提取证书路径..." # 提取 ssl_certificate 路径 CERT_PATH=$(grep -E "^\s*ssl_certificate\s+" "$CONF_FILE" | head -n1 | awk '{print $2}' | tr -d ';') KEY_PATH=$(grep -E "^\s*ssl_certificate_key\s+" "$CONF_FILE" | head -n1 | awk '{print $2}' | tr -d ';') if [[ -z "$CERT_PATH" || -z "$KEY_PATH" ]]; then log_warn "未在配置中找到 ssl_certificate 或 ssl_certificate_key 指令" # 使用默认路径 CERT_DIR="${TLS_BASE_DIR}/${DOMAIN}" CERT_FILE="${CERT_DIR}/cert.pem" KEY_FILE="${CERT_DIR}/key.pem" log_info "使用默认证书目录: $CERT_DIR" else CERT_DIR=$(dirname "$CERT_PATH") CERT_FILE="$CERT_PATH" KEY_FILE="$KEY_PATH" log_info "证书文件: $CERT_FILE" log_info "密钥文件: $KEY_FILE" fi # 确保目录存在 mkdir -p "$CERT_DIR" } # 清理 nginx 配置冲突 cleanup_nginx_conflicts() { log_step "清理 nginx 配置冲突..." local cleaned=0 # 1. 清理所有包含此域名的配置文件 log_info "搜索包含 ${DOMAIN} 的配置文件..." local conflict_files=$(grep -rl "server_name.*${DOMAIN}" /etc/nginx/ 2>/dev/null | grep -v ".bak-" | grep -v ".bak/") if [[ -n "$conflict_files" ]]; then echo "$conflict_files" | while read file; do log_warn "发现冲突配置: $file" local count=$(grep -c "server_name" "$file" 2>/dev/null || echo 0) if [[ $count -gt 1 ]]; then log_warn "文件包含多个域名,仅移除此域名的配置" log_error "需要手动处理: $file" elif [[ $count -eq 1 ]]; then local backup="${file}.bak-conflict-$(date +%s)" mv "$file" "$backup" log_info "已备份并移除冲突配置: $backup" cleaned=$((cleaned + 1)) fi done fi # 2. 清理 sites-enabled 中的符号链接 if [[ -L "/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/${DOMAIN}.conf" ]]; then rm -f "/etc/nginx/sites-enabled/${DOMAIN}.conf" log_info "已删除符号链接: /etc/nginx/sites-enabled/${DOMAIN}.conf" cleaned=$((cleaned + 1)) fi # 3. 清理 sites-available 中的配置 if [[ -f "/etc/nginx/sites-available/${DOMAIN}.conf" ]]; then rm -f "/etc/nginx/sites-available/${DOMAIN}.conf" log_info "已删除配置: /etc/nginx/sites-available/${DOMAIN}.conf" cleaned=$((cleaned + 1)) fi # 4. 清理 conf.d 中所有相关配置 local confd_files=$(find /etc/nginx/conf.d/ -name "*${DOMAIN}*.conf" -type f 2>/dev/null) echo "$confd_files" | while read file; do if [[ "$file" != "$CONF_FILE" ]]; then local backup="${file}.bak-old-$(date +%s)" mv "$file" "$backup" log_info "已备份旧配置: $backup" cleaned=$((cleaned + 1)) fi done if [[ $cleaned -eq 0 ]]; then log_info "未发现配置冲突" else log_success "已清理 $cleaned 个冲突配置" log_warn "建议运行: systemctl restart nginx" fi } # 检测域名 80 端口可达性 check_domain_reachability() { log_step "检测域名 80 端口可达性..." local test_url="http://${DOMAIN}/.well-known/acme-challenge/test" log_info "测试 URL: $test_url" local response response=$(curl -I -s --connect-timeout 10 "$test_url" 2>&1) local http_code=$(echo "$response" | grep -i "HTTP/" | head -n1 | awk '{print $2}') local location=$(echo "$response" | grep -i "^Location:" | head -n1 | awk '{print $2}' | tr -d '\r') log_info "HTTP 响应码: ${http_code:-无响应}" case "$http_code" in 200) log_success "✅ 域名 80 端口可达性检测通过 (HTTP 200)" log_info "ACME 挑战路径正常响应" return 0 ;; 404) log_success "✅ 域名 80 端口可达性检测通过 (HTTP 404)" log_warn "ACME 挑战路径返回 404,但 nginx 已响应" log_info "nginx 会自动创建挑战文件,检测通过" return 0 ;; 301|302) log_warn "检测到 HTTP 跳转 (HTTP $http_code)" if [[ -n "$location" ]]; then log_info "跳转目标: $location" if [[ "$location" =~ ^https:// ]]; then log_warn "⚠️ HTTPS 跳转已配置生效!" log_info "这说明之前已经成功配置过 HTTPS" echo "" echo -e "${YELLOW}检测到域名 $DOMAIN 已配置 HTTPS 跳转${NC}" echo "这可能是之前运行的配置残留" echo "" if [[ "$location" == "https://" ]] || [[ "$location" == "https://$DOMAIN" ]] || [[ "$location" =~ ^https://.*$ ]]; then log_info "HTTPS 跳转配置正常,域名可达" log_info "可以继续证书更新流程" return 0 else log_error "跳转目标异常: $location" return 1 fi else log_warn "跳转到非 HTTPS 地址: $location" return 1 fi else log_warn "收到 HTTP $http_code 但无 Location 头" return 1 fi ;; 000) log_error "❌ 连接失败 (HTTP $http_code)" log_error "域名可能未解析或防火墙阻止" return 1 ;; *) log_error "❌ 意外的 HTTP 响应码: $http_code" return 1 ;; esac } # 检查证书是否过期(返回 0=已过期,1=未过期) check_cert_expired() { local cert_file="$1" if [[ ! -f "$cert_file" ]]; then log_warn "证书文件不存在: $cert_file,视为需要更新" return 0 fi # 获取过期时间 EXPIRE_DATE=$(openssl x509 -in "$cert_file" -noout -enddate 2>/dev/null | cut -d= -f2) if [[ -z "$EXPIRE_DATE" ]]; then log_warn "无法读取证书过期时间,视为需要更新" return 0 fi EXPIRE_TIMESTAMP=$(date -d "$EXPIRE_DATE" +%s 2>/dev/null) NOW_TIMESTAMP=$(date +%s) DAYS_LEFT=$(( (EXPIRE_TIMESTAMP - NOW_TIMESTAMP) / 86400 )) log_info "证书过期时间: $EXPIRE_DATE" log_info "距离过期还有: ${DAYS_LEFT} 天" # 提前 30 天预警更新 if [[ $DAYS_LEFT -lt 30 ]]; then log_warn "证书即将过期(<30天),需要更新" return 0 else log_info "证书仍在有效期内,无需更新" return 1 fi } # 使用 acme.sh 颁发/更新证书 renew_certificate() { log_step "开始更新证书: $DOMAIN" # 方式1: 设置默认 CA(可选) log_info "【方式1】设置默认 CA 为 Let's Encrypt..." if ! "$ACME_SH" --set-default-ca --server letsencrypt >/dev/null 2>&1; then log_warn "设置 CA 失败,继续尝试颁发证书..." fi # 方式2: 颁发证书(webroot 模式) log_info "【方式2】使用 webroot 模式颁发证书..." log_info "Webroot 路径: $WEBROOT" local cmd="$ACME_SH --issue -d $DOMAIN --webroot $WEBROOT" if [[ "$FORCE_RENEW" == "true" ]]; then cmd="$cmd --force" log_info "⚠️ 已启用强制更新模式" fi # 捕获输出用于分析,同时也显示在终端 local tmp_out=$(mktemp) $cmd 2>&1 | tee "$tmp_out" local ret=${PIPESTATUS[0]} # 分析结果 if [[ $ret -eq 0 ]]; then log_info "✅ 证书颁发/更新成功!" rm -f "$tmp_out" return 0 else # 检查是否是因为已经更新而跳过 if grep -qE "Domains not changed|Skipping|already issued" "$tmp_out"; then log_warn "⚠️ ACME 提示证书无需更新或已存在,视为成功" rm -f "$tmp_out" return 0 else log_error "❌ 证书颁发失败,请检查域名解析和 webroot 权限" rm -f "$tmp_out" return 1 fi fi } # 带重试的证书更新函数 renew_certificate_with_retry() { local max_retries=3 local retry_count=0 local wait_seconds=5 while [[ $retry_count -lt $max_retries ]]; do retry_count=$((retry_count + 1)) echo "" log_step "尝试更新证书 (第 $retry_count/$max_retries 次)..." # 调用基本的证书更新函数 if renew_certificate; then log_success "✅ 证书更新成功!" return 0 else # 更新失败,分析原因 log_warn "⚠️ 第 $retry_count 次更新失败" # 检查是否是配置问题导致的失败 if grep -q "Invalid response.*404" /var/log/acme_update.log 2>/dev/null || grep -q "conflicting server name" /var/log/nginx/error.log 2>/dev/null; then log_warn "检测到配置冲突问题,尝试清理并重试..." # 再次清理配置 cleanup_nginx_conflicts # 完全重启 nginx log_info "重启 nginx 服务..." if systemctl restart nginx >/dev/null 2>&1 || systemctl reload nginx >/dev/null 2>&1 || service nginx restart >/dev/null 2>&1; then log_success "nginx 重启成功" else log_error "nginx 重启失败,请手动检查" fi # 等待一下让 nginx 完全启动 sleep $wait_seconds fi # 如果不是最后一次尝试,等待后重试 if [[ $retry_count -lt $max_retries ]]; then echo "" log_info "等待 ${wait_seconds} 秒后重试..." sleep $wait_seconds # 增加等待时间(指数退避) wait_seconds=$((wait_seconds * 2)) fi fi done # 所有重试都失败 log_error "❌ 经过 $max_retries 次尝试,证书更新仍然失败" echo "" log_error "可能的原因:" echo " 1. 域名未正确解析到本服务器" echo " 2. 防火墙阻止了 80 端口" echo " 3. nginx 配置存在冲突" echo " 4. webroot 目录权限不足" echo "" echo "建议的排查步骤:" echo " # 1. 检查域名解析" echo " dig ${DOMAIN}" echo "" echo " # 2. 测试 80 端口" echo " curl -I http://${DOMAIN}/.well-known/acme-challenge/test" echo "" echo " # 3. 检查 nginx 配置" echo " grep -r 'server_name.*${DOMAIN}' /etc/nginx/" echo "" echo " # 4. 检查 webroot 权限" echo " ls -la ${WEBROOT}" echo " sudo chown -R www-data:www-data ${WEBROOT}" echo "" return 1 } # 验证证书内容(匹配用户提供的特征) verify_cert_success() { local cert_file="$1" if [[ ! -f "$cert_file" ]]; then log_warn "验证失败: 证书文件不存在 -> $cert_file" return 1 fi # 检查是否包含证书结束标记 if grep -q "END CERTIFICATE" "$cert_file"; then log_info "✅ 证书内容验证通过" return 0 fi log_warn "证书内容验证未通过 - 未找到结束标记" return 1 } # 安装证书到指定位置 install_certificate() { log_step "安装证书到生产环境..." INSTALL_CMD="$ACME_SH --install-cert -d $DOMAIN \ --key-file ${KEY_FILE} \ --fullchain-file ${CERT_FILE} \ --reloadcmd \"service nginx force-reload\"" log_info "执行安装命令: $INSTALL_CMD" if eval "$INSTALL_CMD"; then log_info "✅ 证书安装成功" return 0 else log_error "❌ 证书安装失败" return 1 fi } # 设置证书文件权限 set_cert_permissions() { log_step "设置证书文件权限..." # 确保使用实际目录 CERT_DIR=$(dirname "$CERT_FILE") if sudo chown www-data:www-data "${CERT_DIR}"/*.pem 2>/dev/null; then log_info "✅ 文件所有者已设置为 www-data:www-data" else log_warn "⚠️ chown 执行失败,请手动检查权限" fi if sudo chmod 600 "${CERT_DIR}"/*.pem 2>/dev/null; then log_info "✅ 文件权限已设置为 600(仅所有者可读写)" else log_warn "⚠️ chmod 执行失败,请手动检查权限" fi # 确保 nginx 可读(www-data 是 nginx 运行用户) log_info "✅ 权限设置完成,nginx 可正常读取证书" } # 重载 nginx 使配置生效 reload_nginx() { log_step "重载 nginx 配置..." if systemctl restart nginx >/dev/null 2>&1; then log_success "nginx 重启成功" elif systemctl reload nginx >/dev/null 2>&1; then log_success "nginx 重载成功" elif service nginx restart >/dev/null 2>&1; then log_success "nginx 重启成功 (service 命令)" elif service nginx reload >/dev/null 2>&1; then log_success "nginx 重载成功 (service 命令)" elif service nginx force-reload >/dev/null 2>&1; then log_success "nginx 重载成功 (force-reload)" elif nginx -s reload >/dev/null 2>&1; then log_success "nginx 重载成功 (nginx -s)" else log_error "nginx 重启/重载失败,请手动执行: systemctl restart nginx" exit 1 fi } # 增强的最终验证 enhanced_final_verification() { log_step "开始最终验证流程..." # 测试 HTTPS 访问 echo "" echo -e "${BLUE}测试 1: HTTPS 访问${NC}" local https_response=$(curl -I -s --connect-timeout 10 "https://${DOMAIN}" 2>&1) local https_code=$(echo "$https_response" | grep -i "HTTP/" | head -n1 | awk '{print $2}') if [[ "$https_code" == "200" ]] || [[ "$https_code" == "301" ]] || [[ "$https_code" == "302" ]]; then log_success "✅ HTTPS 访问成功 (HTTP $https_code)" else log_warn "⚠️ HTTPS 响应异常: ${https_code:-无响应}" fi # 测试 HTTP 跳转 echo "" echo -e "${BLUE}测试 2: HTTP 跳转测试${NC}" local http_response=$(curl -I -s --connect-timeout 10 "http://${DOMAIN}" 2>&1) local http_code=$(echo "$http_response" | grep -i "HTTP/" | head -n1 | awk '{print $2}') local location=$(echo "$http_response" | grep -i "^Location:" | head -n1 | sed 's/Location: *//i' | tr -d '\r') if [[ "$http_code" == "301" ]] || [[ "$http_code" == "302" ]]; then log_success "✅ HTTP 跳转正常 (HTTP $http_code)" if [[ -n "$location" ]]; then log_info "跳转目标: $location" # 验证跳转目标是否正确 if [[ "$location" =~ ^https://${DOMAIN} ]] || [[ "$location" =~ ^https://${DOMAIN}/ ]]; then log_success "✅ 跳转目标正确: $location" else log_warn "⚠️ 跳转目标可能不正确: $location" log_info "期望格式: https://${DOMAIN}..." fi else log_warn "⚠️ 收到 HTTP $http_code 但没有 Location 头" log_error "这可能导致浏览器无法自动跳转" fi else log_warn "⚠️ HTTP 跳转异常: ${http_code:-无响应}" echo "" log_error "完整响应头:" echo "$http_response" | head -n 10 echo "" log_error "如果显示 nginx 默认页面,可能原因:" echo " 1. nginx 使用了旧的配置文件" echo " 2. 80 端口有多个 server 块冲突" echo " 3. 需要完全重启 nginx 而不是重载" fi # 验证 SSL 证书 echo "" echo -e "${BLUE}测试 3: SSL 证书验证${NC}" local ssl_verify=$(echo | openssl s_client -connect "${DOMAIN}:443" -servername "${DOMAIN}" 2>/dev/null | openssl x509 -noout -subject -dates 2>/dev/null) if [[ -n "$ssl_verify" ]]; then log_success "✅ SSL 证书有效" echo "$ssl_verify" | while read line; do log_info " $line" done else log_warn "⚠️ SSL 证书验证失败" fi echo "" echo -e "${GREEN}========================================${NC}" echo -e "${GREEN} ✅ SSL 证书更新成功! ${NC}" echo -e "${GREEN}========================================${NC}" echo "" echo -e "${BLUE}📋 配置信息:${NC}" echo " 域名: $DOMAIN" echo " 证书文件: $CERT_FILE" echo " 密钥文件: $KEY_FILE" echo " Nginx 配置: $CONF_FILE" echo " 日志文件: $LOG_FILE" echo "" echo -e "${BLUE}🧪 验证命令:${NC}" echo " 1. 测试 HTTPS 访问:" echo -e " ${GREEN}curl -I https://${DOMAIN}${NC}" echo "" echo " 2. 查看证书详情:" echo -e " ${GREEN}openssl x509 -in $CERT_FILE -noout -text | head -20${NC}" echo "" echo " 3. 在线验证 SSL 配置:" echo -e " ${GREEN}https://www.ssllabs.com/ssltest/analyze.html?d=${DOMAIN}${NC}" echo "" echo -e "${YELLOW}⚠️ 提示:${NC}" echo " - HTTP 请求会自动 301 跳转到 HTTPS" echo " - 证书将在 60 天后自动续期" echo " - 如需手动续期: $ACME_SH --renew -d $DOMAIN" echo "" } # 主流程 main() { echo -e "${BLUE}========================================${NC}" echo -e "${BLUE} 🔄 ACME SSL 证书自动更新脚本 (Robust) ${NC}" echo -e "${BLUE} 日志文件: $LOG_FILE ${NC}" echo -e "${BLUE}========================================${NC}" check_root install_acme_sh input_domain check_nginx_conf extract_cert_path echo "" log_info "开始执行证书更新流程..." echo "" backup_old_configs # 清理可能存在的 nginx 配置冲突 cleanup_nginx_conflicts local need_renew=false local do_install=false # 检查证书是否需要更新 if check_cert_expired "$CERT_FILE"; then need_renew=true else echo "" echo -e "${YELLOW}当前证书仍在有效期内,请选择操作:${NC}" echo "1) 强制更新证书 (Force Renew)" echo "2) 跳过更新,仅执行安装和重载 (Install Only)" echo "3) 退出脚本 (Exit)" read -p "请输入选项 [1-3]: " choice case "$choice" in 1) need_renew=true; FORCE_RENEW=true ;; 2) need_renew=false; do_install=true ;; *) log_info "用户选择退出"; exit 0 ;; esac fi # 只有在需要更新证书时才执行验证和更新流程 if [[ "$need_renew" == "true" ]]; then if check_domain_reachability; then if renew_certificate_with_retry; then # 更新成功(或跳过)后,必须执行安装 do_install=true else log_error "❌ 证书更新失败,流程终止" exit 1 fi else log_error "域名可达性检测失败,无法继续" exit 1 fi fi if [[ "$do_install" == "true" ]]; then if install_certificate; then set_cert_permissions reload_nginx # 使用增强的最终验证 enhanced_final_verification log_success "🎉 域名 [$DOMAIN] 证书更新/安装全流程完成!" else log_error "❌ 证书安装失败" exit 1 fi else log_info "✨ 域名 [$DOMAIN] 证书无需更新,任务结束" fi echo "" log_success "🎉 域名 [$DOMAIN] SSL 证书更新完成!" echo "" } # 执行主函数 main "$@"